是否为使用不当引起的故障，如属于这类故障，则根据使用情况可初步判断出故障类型、发生部位。常见的使用不当包括供电电源故障、端子接线故障、模板安装故障、现场操作故障等。
如果不是使用故障，则可能是偶然性故障或系统运行时间较长所引发的故障。对于这类故障可按PLC的故障分布，依次检查、判断故障。首先检查与实际过程相连的传感器、检测开关、执行机构和负载是否有故障：然后检查PLC的I/O模板是否有故障：最后检查PLC的CPU是否有故障。
在检查PLC本身故障时，可参考PLC的CPU模板和电源模板上的指示灯。
采取上述步骤还检查不出故障部位和原因，则可能是系统设计错误，此时要重新检查系统设计，包括硬件设计和软件设计。
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